A photovoltaic (PV) cell refers to a semiconductor material component capable of converting sunlight into electrical energy. As one of the key components in solar photovoltaic power generation systems, it plays a pivotal role in energy conversion.

In this process, the energy of light is transformed into electrical energy, generating direct current (DC). This DC power can be stored in batteries for power supply, or converted into alternating current (AC) through an inverter to meet the electricity needs of households or businesses.

PV cells are connected in series or parallel to form PV modules (or PV cell packs), which helps increase the output voltage and current.

These PV modules are then installed on solar photovoltaic power generation equipment, such as solar panels, to form PV modules (complete panel units). Multiple PV modules can be combined into a PV array to achieve larger electrical energy output.